shun one's

πόλις, [dialect] Ep. also [full] πτόλις (found sts. in Trag. etc.,

A v. πτόλις) , ἡ: [dialect] Ep. forms, acc. sg.

πόληα Hes.Sc. 105

, Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.62; gen. πόλιος or πτόλιος, Il.2.811, 4.514, al.,

πόληος 16.395

, al. (also Thgn.757),

πόλεος Il.21.567

; dat.

πόλει 5.686

, al.,

πτόλεϊ 17.152

,

πόληϊ 3.50

(also Tyrt.12.15): pl., nom.

πόλιες Od.15.412

,

πόληες Il.4.45

; gen.

πολίων 1.125

, al.; dat.

πολίεσσι Od.21.252

; acc.

πόλεις Il.2.648

, al.,

πόληας Od.17.486

, Call.Fr.9.70 P.(scanned ?πόλιςX ?πόλιςX [pron. full] ?πόλιςX ¯ IG12.826), πόλιας (disyll.) Od.8.560, 574, (trisyll.) Il.4.308 (s.v.l.,

πόλεας Aristarch.

): [dialect] Ion. forms, gen.

πόλεως IG12(8).356

([place name] Thasos), GDI 5653a13 ([place name] Chios), etc., also Xenoph.2.9,22, v.l. in Thgn.1043; written

πόλειως GDI5532.19

([place name] Zeleia); πόλεος ib.5339.41 (Orop.), IG12(7).103 ([place name] Amorgos), Thgn. 776, etc.,

πόλιος Hdt.1.26

, al., Herod.2.8, al.,

πόληος Thgn.

(v. supr.), cj. in Hippon.47, cf. An.Ox.1.361; dat. mostly πόλει, but

πόλῑ Hdt. 2.60

, al., πόληϊ (or -ῃ) SIG169.3 (lasos, iv B.C.): pl., usu. πόλεις, πόλεων, πόλεσι, but in Hdt.

πόλιες 1.142

, al., πολίων ib.6, al., πόλισι ib. 151, al.; acc.

πόλῑς 2.177

,al.,

πόλιας 1.142

, 2.102, al.: [dialect] Dor. gen. sg.

πόλιος SIG615.3

(Delph., ii B.C.); dat. sg.

πόλι IG4.839

(Calaurea, iv B.C.); dat. pl.

πολίεσι Pi.P.7.8

; πολίεσσι Foed.Lac. ap. Th.5.77 (v.l. πολίεσι), 79, IG42(1).74.4 (Epid., iii B.C.); Cret.

πόλιθι GDI5019.3

: [dialect] Aeol. gen.

πόλιος IG12(2).526a8

( πόληος is an Epicism in Alc. Supp.17.6); gen. pl.

πολίων IG11(4).1064b20

; dat. pl. πολίεσσι ib. 12(2).1.6: Trag., gen. πόλεως disyll. (as also in Com., exc. Ar.Eq. 763), thrice

πόλεος A.Ag. 1167

(lyr.), S.Ant. 162, E.Or. 897:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. earlier than 350 B.C. sts. have dat. sg. πόλῃ, IG12.108.35,22.17.10,42.5, 53.7; [dialect] Att. dual

πόλη Isoc.8.116

, πόλη or

πόλει Aeschin.

Socr.8 (where Choerob. cites both forms, in Theod.1.314, 136 H.); gen.

τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.73

: Elean nom. sg.

πόλερ Schwyzer425.16

; gen. πόλιορ ib.20 (iii/ii B.C.):—city, Hom. ll.cc., Hes.Sc. 270, etc.; π. ἄκρη, ἀκροτάτη, = ἀκρόπολις, the citadel, Il.6.88, 20.52; which at Athens also was in early times called simply π., while the rest of the city was called

ἄστυ, καλεῖται.. ἡ ἀκρόπολις μέχρι τοῦδε ἔτι ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων π. Th.2.15

; ἐν πόλει in treaties, Id.5.23,47, cf. IG12.372.1, Ar. Lys. 245, 758;

ἐς πόλιν IG12.91.4

;

πρὸς πόλιν Ar.Lys. 288

(lyr.);

ἐκ πόλεως Id.Eq. 1093

; but

ἐν τῇ πόλει X.An.7.1.27

, dub. in Antipho 6.39; so Ἰνάχου π. the citadel of Argos, E.Fr.228.6; of the Cadmea at Thebes, Plu.Pel.18, cf. Str.8.6.8; of Alexandria, Eust.239.13; π. ἡ ἁγία, of Jerusalem, LXX Ne.11.1: with the name of the city added in gen., Ἰλίου π., Ἄργους π., the city of.., A.Ag.29, Ar.Eq. 813; also in appos.,

ἡ Μένδη π. Th.4.130

;

ἡ π. οἱ Ταρσοί X.An.1.2.26

.

2 one's city or country,

πόθι τοι π. ἠδὲ τοκῆες; Od.1.170

, etc., cf. πόλιν· τὴν χώραν, Hsch.

3 ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως city governor, OGI113.3,134.2, al.(Cyprus, ii B.C.), Plb.5.39.3: without Art.,

ἐπὶ πόλιος IG7.2809.2

(Hyettus, iii B.C.), etc.; ἐπὶ πόλεως ib.299.1 (Oropus. iii B.C.);

στρατηγὸς πόλεως OGI743

(Ptol.);

στρατηγὸς τῆς π. BGU729.1

(ii A.D.); στρατηγὸς κατὰ πόλιν, = Lat. praetor urbanus, IG14.951.2 (Rome, i B.C.).

II country, as dependent on and called after its city,

ἀνθρώπων οἳ τήνδε π. καὶ γαῖαν ἔχουσιν Od.6.177

, cf. Hes.Sc. 380, S.OC 1533. etc.; esp. of islands peopled by men,

Αῆμνον π. Θόαντος Il.14.230

; π. Αἴαντος, = Σαλαμίς, Pi.I.5(4).48, etc.;

περιρρύτας π. A.Eu.77

, cf. E. Ion 294, Ar. Pax 251 (v. Sch.); also

διώχληκε π. πολλὰς.., Σικελίαν, Ἰταλίαν, Πελοπόννησον, Θετταλίαν κτλ. Lys.6.6

, cf. Str.8.3.31.

III community or body of citizens (opp. ἄστυ, their dwellings, Il.17.144, but in

δῆμός τε π. τε Od.11.14

, π. denotes the town),

ὧν π. ἀνάριθμος ὄλλυται S.OT 179

(lyr.): hence,

2 state or community,

ξύμπασα π. κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀπηύρα Hes.Op. 240

, cf. Pi.P.2.88, S.OT22, E.Ph. 947, etc.;

π. ἄνδρα διδάσκει Simon.67

; esp. free state, republic, S.Ant. 738 (cf. 734), X.Cyr.8.2.28, Arist.Pol. 1276a23;

τὰ τῆς π.

state affairs, government,

Pl.Prt. 319a

;

π. ἡ γενῶν καὶ κωμῶν κοινωνία ζωῆς τελείας καὶ αὐτάρκους Arist.Pol. 1280b40

; τὴν π. φεύγειν shun one's public duties, D.45.66; assembly of citizens, Berl.Sitzb.1927.8 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.).

3 rights of citizenship, Ar.Ra. 718, D.21.106.

IV πόλιν παίζειν, a game resembling backgammon, Cratin.56, perh. alluded to in Pl.R. 422e. (Cf. Skt. pūr, Lith. pilìs 'fortrees'.)

φεύγω, Il.21.472, etc.: [dialect] Ep. inf. φευγέμεν, φευγέμεναι, 10.147, 21.13; [tense] impf.

A

ἔφευγον 22.158

, etc., Poet.

φεῦγον 9.478

, Tyrt.5.8, Pi.N. 9.13: iter.

φεύγεσκον Il.17.461

, Hdt.4.43: [tense] fut.

φεύξομαι Il.18.307

, etc.; also φευξοῦμαι in E. and Com., E.Med. 341, 346, Hel. 500, 1041, Ba. 659, Ar.Ach. 203 (cod. R), 1129, Pl. 447, Av. 932 ([etym.] ἀπο-), Men. 283 (but dub. where found in [dialect] Att. Prose, Pl.Lg. 635c, al., D.38.19; φευξεῖται is dub. l. in IPE12.24.11 (Olbia, iv B. C.); [tense] fut. [voice] Act. ἐκ-φεύξω only late, v.l. in Aesop.349b, cf. Chambry ii p.479): [tense] aor. ἔφῠγον, [dialect] Ion.

φύγεσκον Od.17.316

: [tense] pf.

πέφευγα Hdt.7.154

codd. (v. infr.11.1a); opt.

πεφεύγοι Il.21.609

(

ἐκ-πεφευγοίην S.OT 840

), part.

πεφευγότες Od.1.12

; part. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. πεφυγμένος in act. sense, Il.6.488, Od.1.18, etc. (in pass. sense, Epicur.Fr. 423); [dialect] Ep. πεφυζότες (cf. φύζα) Il.21.6, 528, 532, 22.1, later sg.

πεφυζώς Nic.Th. 128

; [dialect] Aeol. πεφύγγων, v. φυγγάνω:—[voice] Med., μὴ φεύγησθε Anon.Hist. in PLit.Lond. 115: [tense] aor. 1 δια-φεύξασθαι Decr.Ath. in Hp.Ep.25.

I abs., flee, take flight, opp. διώκω, Il.22.157, etc.;

βῆ φεύγων ἐπὶ πόντον 2.665

;

πῇ φεύγεις; 8.94

;

πόσε φεύγετε; 16.422

;

ποῖ φύγωμεν.. χθονός; A.Supp. 777

(lyr.);

ποῖ τις οὖν φύγῃ; S.Aj. 403

(lyr.);

ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖσε φ. Pl.Tht. 176b

: with Preps.,

φ. ἀπό τινος Od.12.120

;

φεύξονται ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν εἰς φιλοσοφίαν Pl.Tht. 168a

, etc.; ἐκ πολέμοιο, ἐκ θανάτοιο, Il.7.118, 20.350;

ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι S.Ant. 437

, cf. Hdt.1.65;

ὑπὲκ κακοῦ Il.15.700

, cf. 17.461 (rarely c. gen. only, πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων (v. infr. 11) Od.1.18;

τῆς νόσου πεφευγέναι S.Ph. 1044

);

φ. ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν Il. 2.140

, 159, al.; ἐπὶ Σάρδεων, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλικῶνα, X.Cyr.7.2.1, Ages. 2.11;

πρὸς τὸ ὄρος Id.HG3.5.19

;

ὑπὸ γᾶν A.Eu. 175

(lyr.);

ὑπὸ δελφῖνος ἰχθύες φ. Il.21.23

, cf. 554 (cf. infr. 111.2): c. acc. cogn., φύγε λαιψηρὸν δρόμον ran the course full swiftly, Pi.P.9.121;

τίνα φυγὴν φευξούμεθα; E.Hel. 1041

; φ. τὴν παρὰ θάλασσαν (sc. ὁδόν) flee by the shore route, Hdt.4.12; cf. infr. 111; for φυγῇ φεύγειν, v. infr. 11.1,

φυγή 1.1

.

2 [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. tenses prop. express only the purpose or endeavour to get away: hence part. φεύγων is added to the compd. Verbs καταφεύγω, ἐκφεύγω, προφεύγω, to distinguish the attempt from the accomplishment, βέλτερον, ὃς φεύγων προφύγῃ κακὸν ἠὲ ἁλώῃ it is better that one should flee and escape than stay and be caught, Il.14.81;

φεύγων ἐκφεύγει Hdt.5.95

, cf. Ar.Ach. 177;

φ. καταφυγεῖν Hdt.4.23

.

3 φ. εἰς .. have recourse to.. take refuge in..,

ἐς τοὺς ἀφώνους μάρτυρας E.Hipp. 1076

.

4 c. inf., shun or shrink from doing, Hdt.4.76, Antipho 1.13, Pl.Ap. 26a; with inf. omitted,

φεύγουσι γάρ τοι χοἱ θρασεῖς

shrink back,

S.Ant. 580

.

II c. acc., flee, avoid, escape,

Ἕκτορα Il.11.327

, etc.;

φ. τινὰ ἐκ μάχης Hdt.7.104

;

φ. ἐς τὴν Ἀσίην τοὺς Σκύθας Id.4.12

;

φ. θάνατον Il.1.60

;

ἔνθ' ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον, οἴκοι ἔσαν πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν Od.1.11

; ἔφυγον κακόν, εὗρον ἄμεινον, formula used by μύσται, D.18.259; with modal dat., φ. ὄνειδος λόγοις, ἀμαχανίαν ἔργῳ, Pi.O.6.90, P.9.92; avoid, shun,

χρὴ.. φεύγειν τὰ παχύνοντα Gal.Vict.Att.12

;

τὴν ἀργίαν καὶ τὴν ἀκινησίαν τοῦ σώματος Sor.1.93

, cf. 46, al.; φόνον φ. flee the consequences of the murder, E.Med. 796;

αἷμα συγγενὲς φ. χθονός Id.Supp. 148

;

τὰν Διὸς μῆτιν φ. A.Pr. 906

(lyr.);

ὀσμὴν.., μὴ βάλῃ, πεφευγότες S.Ant. 412

;

φεύγων φυγῇ τὸ γῆρας Pl.Smp. 195b

;

ἐς πόντον.. φύγε πέτρας νηῦς Od. 10.131

; οὐδεμία [πόλις] πέφευγε (sed fort. leg. ἀπέφυγε) δουλοσύνην πρὸς Ἱπποκράτεος at the hands of.., Hdt.7.154: part. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. also retains the acc. in Hom. in periphrastic phrases,

μοῖραν δ' οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν Il.6.488

;

πεφυγμένον ἔμμεν ὄλεθρον Od.9.455

;

οὔ οἱ νῦν ἔτι γ' ἔστι πεφυγμένον ἄμμε γενέσθαι Il.22.219

, cf. h.Ven. 34:—but in pass. sense, τὸ πάραυτα πεφυγμένον κακόν Epicur.l.c.

b seek to avoid, shirk,

στρατείαν D.21.162

;

εἰ τοῦτο φεύξονται καὶ μὴ 'θελήσουσι ποιεῖν Id.20.138

; so in [tense] aor.,

ἢν φύγῃ τις, ζημιοῦν Ar.Ach. 717

.

2 of things,

ἡνίοχον φύγον ἡνία

escaped, slipped from his hands,

Il.23.465

;

Νέστορα δ' ἐκ χειρῶν φύγον ἡνία 8.137

, cf. 11.128; τὸ φεῦγον the part which slips, X.Eq. 10.9, cf. Hp.Off.9, Gal.18(2).735: c. dupl. acc.,

ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων Il.4.350

, Od.1.64, etc.

b of wine, 'go off', turn sour, Gp.7.7.8.

III flee one's country, Il. 9.478, Od.13.259; οἱ φεύγοντες the exiles, Th.1.24, X.Ages.7.6;

πατρίδα φ. Od.15.228

, X.Cyr.3.1.24;

τὴν αὑτοῦ Th.5.26

;

ἅπασαν τὴν Ἀθηναίων ξυμμαχίδα IG12.10.30

;

φ. ἐξ Ἄργεος Od.15.224

, cf. Th.8.85; ἐξ Ἀθηνέων, ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος, Hdt.6.103, X.An.1.3.3.

2 φ. ὑπὸ Σκυθέων to be expelled, driven out by.. Hdt.4.125: but esp. to be exiled,

φ. ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου Id.5.30

, X.HG1.1.27; φ. ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου by their sentence, Din.1.44: also c. acc.,

φ. Πεισιστρατίδας Hdt. 5.62

.

3 abs., go into exile, live in banishment, A.Ag. 1668 (troch.), Antipho 2.2.9, Pl.Mx. 242b;

δύο ἔτη φευγέτω Id.Lg. 867c

; φ. ἀειφυγίαν to be banished for life, ib. 871d, al.;

φεόγειν Ἀμφίπολιν ἀειφυγίην SIG194.3

, cf. 24 (Amphipolis, iv B. C.); but also

ἐν ἀειφυγίᾳ Pl.Lg. 877e

;

φεύγων ἀπ' οἴκων ἃς ἐγὼ φεύγω φυγάς E.Andr. 976

; φεύγοντες being in exile, opp.

φυγόντες

having gone into exile,

Lys.14.33

; with play on words, "μέχρι τίνος φεύξῃ, Ἀρκαδίων; καὶ ὅς, ἔς τ' ἂν τοὺς ἀφίκωμαι οἳ οὐκ ἴσασι Φίλιππον" Duris 3 J.

IV as law-term (mostly in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., but cf. Lys.12.4 (v. infr.)), to be accused or prosecuted at law: ὁ φεύγων the accused, defendant, Ar.V. 893, Pl.R. 405b, etc.; opp.

διώκω, οὔτε φεύγων ἁλοὺς οὔτε διώκων ἡττηθείς D.23.66

; c. acc., φ. γραφάς, δίκην, Ar.Eq. 442 (lyr.), Nu. 167;

ὑπό τινος δίκας φ. Pl.Ap. 19c

, cf. D.49.1;

οὐδενὶ πώποτε οὔτε ἡμεῖς οὔτε ἐκεῖνος δίκην οὔτε ἐδικασάμεθα οὔτε ἐφύγομεν Lys.

l. c.;

φ. ἀπολογίας Aeschin.3.201

; the crime being added in gen.,

φόνου δίκην φ. Antipho 5.9

;

γραφὰς φ. παρανόμων D.18.235

; more freq. c. gen. only, φ. φόνου to be charged with murder, Lys.10.31, Lycurg.133, etc.;

φ. δειλίας Ar. Ach. 1129

;

ξενίας Id.V. 718

(anap.); with gen. of the penalty,

ἐὰν.. φεύγῃ δεσμῶν OGI218.92

(Ilium, iii B. C.); also

περὶ θανάτου φ. Antipho 5.95

;

φ. ἐπὶ μηνύσει τινός And.1.18

; ἀσεβείας φ. ὑπό τινος is accused of impiety by.., Pl.Ap. 35d; rarely of things, τὸ φεῦγον ψήφισμα the decree that is on its defence, the decree in question, D.23.58:—in Hdt.7.214 αἰτίην φ. has the older sense, flee from a charge, quit one's country on account of a charge.

2 plead in defence, δεῖ τοί σε φεύγειν.. ὡς οὐκ ἔχουσι κῦρος [οἱ νόμοι] A.Supp. 390; ἔφευγε μὴ εἰδέναι pleaded ignorance, S.Ant. 263, (Cf. Lat.fugio, Goth. biugan 'bend', etc.)

ἐξίστημι,

A causal in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., [tense] aor. 1:— displace: hence, change, alter utterly,

τὰν φύσιν Ti.Locr.100c

, Arist.EN 1119a23, cf. Plot.6.2.7;

τὴν πολιτείαν Plu.Cic.10

;

ἐ. τῆς ποιότητος τὸν οἶνον Id.2.702a

.

2 metaph., ἐξιστάναι τινὰ φρενῶν drive one out of his senses, E.Ba. 850;

νοῦ οἶνος ἐξέστησέ με E.Fr. 265

;

τοῦ φρονεῖν X.Mem.1.3.12

;

ταῦτα κινεῖ, ταῦτα ἐξίστησιν ἀνθρώπους αὑτῶν D. 21.72

; simply ἐ. τινά drive one out of his senses, confound, amaze, Hp.Coac. 429;

ἐξιστάντα καὶ φοβοῦντα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Muson.Fr.8p.35H.

;

ἐξίστησι

diverts the attention,

Arist.Rh. 1408b23

; excite, ib. 36, Ev.Luc.24.22; τὸν λογισμόν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Plu.Sol.21, Crass.23; also

ἐ. τινὰ τῶν λογισμῶν Id.Fab.5

;

εἰς ἀπάθειαν ἐ. τὴν ψυχήν Id.Publ. 6

.

3 get rid of, dispose of the claims of a person, Sammelb.5246.14(i B.C.), etc.

4 ἐξεστᾰκότα ( ἐξεστηκότα cod.): εἰς δίκην κεκληκότα, Hsch.

B intr. in [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., with [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf., and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act.:

1 of Place, arise out of, become separated,

ἐξ.. ἵστατο Νεῖκος Emp.36

, cf. 35.10; stand aside from, ἐκστάντες τῆς ὁδοῦ out of the way, Hdt.3.76;

ἐκ τοῦ μέσου X.An.1.5.14

; θάκων καὶ ὁδῶν ἐ. [τινί] stand out of the way forhim, make way for him, Id.Smp.4.31;

ἐκστῆναί τινι S.Ph. 1053

, Aj. 672, Ar.Ra. 354, etc.: abs., in same sense, E.IT 1229 (troch.), Ar. Ach. 617, etc.: metaph.,

ἐξ ἕδρας σοι πλόκαμος ἐξέστηχ'

is displaced, disordered,

E.Ba. 928

;

οὐδὲ μένει νοῦς.. ἀλλ' ἐξίσταται S.Ant. 564

.

2 c. acc., shrink from, shun,

νιν οὐκ ἂν ἐξέστην ὄκνῳ Id.Aj.82

;

οὐδέν' ἐξίσταμαι D.18.319

;

οὐδένα πώποτε κίνδυνον ἐξέστησαν Id.20.10

.

3 go out of joint,

ἐ. ἰσχίον Hp.Aph.6.59

, cf. Fract.14,6.

II c. gen. rei, retire from, give up possession of,

τῆς ἀρχῆς Th.2.63

, 4.28; ἐκστῆναι τῆς οὐσίας, ἁπάντων τῶν ὄντων, become bankrupt, Antipho 2.2.9, D.36.50;

τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU473.11

(ii A. D.).

2 cease from, abandon, τῆς φιλίας, τῶν μαθημάτων, Lys.8.18, X.Cyr.3.3.54; τῶν

σπουδασμάτων Pl.Phdr. 249c

, etc.;

οἱ τῶν πολιτικῶν ἐξεστηκότες Isoc. 4.171

;

τῆς ὑποθέσεως D.10.46

; τῶν πεπραγμένων, i.e. disown them, Id.19.72;

ἐ. τινὸς εἴς τι Pl.Lg. 907d

; also ἐ. ἄθλου τινί, στρατηγίας τινί, abandon it in his favour, Nic.Dam.73J., Plu.Nic.7;

τῆς Σικελίας τινι Id.Pomp.10

.

3 ἐκστῆναι πατρός lose one's father, give him up, Ar.V. 477; καρδίας ἐξίσταμαι τὸ δρᾶν I depart from my heart's purpose, S.Ant. 1105; esp. φρενῶν ἐκστῆναι lose one's senses. E.Or. 1021, etc.;

διὰ τὸ γῆρας τοῦ φρονεῖν Isoc.5.18

;

ἐμαυτοῦ Aeschin.2.4

, Men.Sam. 276;

ψυχὴ ἐξεστηκυῖα τῶν λογισμῶν Plb.32.15.8

: abs., to be out of one's wits, be distraught,

ἐ. μελαγχολικῶς Hp.Prorrh.1.18

, cf. Men.Sam.64, etc.;

ἐξέστην ἰδών Philippid.27

;

ἐ. ὑπὸ γήρως Com.Adesp.860

; ταῖς διανοίαις Vett. Val.70.25;

ἐξίστασθαι καὶ μαίνεσθαι πρὸς τὴν ὀσμήν Arist.HA 577a12

; of anger,

εὐθέως ἐξστησόμενος Phld. Ir.p.78

W.; to be astonished, amazed, Ev.Matt.12.23, Ev.Marc.2.12, etc.; lose consciousness, of Sisera, LXXJd.4.21.

4 ἐξίστασθαι τῆς αὑτοῦ ἰδέας depart from, degenerate from one's own nature, Pl.R. 380d;

ἐκ τῆς αὑτοῦ φύσεως Arist.HA 488b19

; [

δημοκρατία] ἐξεστηκυῖα τῆς βελτίστης τάξεως Id.Pol. 1309b32

; αἱ δημοκρατίαι ἐ. εἰς τὰς ἐναντίας πολιτείας degenerate into.., ib. 1306b18, cf. Rh. 1390b28: abs.,

ἐ. μὴ μεταφυτευόμενον Thphr.HP6.7.6

, etc., cf. Plu.2.649e;

χυμὸς ἐξιστάμενος

changing its properties, turning,

Hp.VM24

; οἶνος ἐξεστηκώς or ἐξιστάμενος changed, sour wine, D.35.32, Thphr.CP6.7.5; πρόσωπα ἐξεστηκότα disfigured faces, X.Cyr.5.2.34.

5 abs., change one's position, one's opinion,

ἐγὼ μὲν ὁ αὐτός εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἐξίσταμαι Th.2.61

: opp. ἐμμένειν τῇ δόξῃ, Arist.EN 1151b4.

6 of language, to be removed from common usage, Id.Rh. 1404b13.

III stand out, project, ἐξεστηκός convex, opp. κοῖλον, Id.HA 493b4.

οἰων-ίζομαι, [tense] impf. (without augm.) X.HG1.4.12, 5.4.17: [tense] fut.

A

- ιοῦμαι LXXLe.19.26

: [tense] aor. opt.

οἰωνίσαιτο D.25.80

; part.

- άμενος Arist.Pol. 1304a1

:—take omens from the flight and cries of birds,

οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἔτι -όμενοι X.Cyr.1.6.1

, cf. Plu.Rom.9.

II generally, divine from omens, c. acc. et inf., X.HGll. cc., LXXGe.44.5.

2 c. acc., regard as an omen, οἰ. τι σύμπτωμα Arist.l.c., cf. Epin.2.3, Nic. Dam.66.13J., D.S.8.32, 17.49, Plu.2.825b ; ὃν οἰωνίσαιτ' ἄν τις μᾶλλον ἰδὼν ἢ προσειπεῖν βούλοιτο whom one would rather shun as an ill omen if one saw him, than speak to, D.l.c., cf. Thphr.HP 8.6.2, Str.13.1.42.

παρα-κρούω,

A strike aside, οὐκ ἄν σε παρακρούοι ἡ παροῦσα συμφορά will not put you out, bias your judgement, Pl.Cri. 47a:—[voice] Pass., to be led astray, go wrong,

ἄθρει.. πῇ παρακρουόμεθα Id.Ly. 215c

;

ἐφενακίσθητε καὶ παρεκρούσθητε D.23.107

; μὴ παρακρουσθῆτε be not diverted from the point, Id.21.160; ὑπό τινος by one, Aeschin.1.170 ; περί τινος about a thing, Plb.23.3.3 (s.v.l.); τὰ σφάλματα, ἃ αὺτὸς ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ.. παρεκέκρουστο the faults into which he had been misled, Pl.Tht. 168a.

2 [voice] Med., mislead, deceive, cheat, esp. by fallacies,

π. καὶ παραλογίζεσθαι Isoc.12.243

; τὰς δόξας τῶν ἀκροωμένων π. ib. 271, cf.Pl.Cra. 393c, D.2.5, 18.276, Din. 1.40, Arist.Pol. 1297a10, Metaph. 1025a6, Men.Epit. 329, PSI4.442.24 (iii B.C.), etc.;

τηλικουτονὶ πρᾶγμα π. τοὺς δικαστάς D.43.39

: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. παρακέκρου (ς) μαι in sense of [voice] Med., Id.6.23, Luc. Tim.57.

3 [voice] Med., metaph., crack,

φυλάττου μὴ πεσὼν σαυτὸν παρακρούσῃ Phryn.

Com.58.

II strike away, parry, Them.Or.32.359b:—but usu. [voice] Med., π. ταῖς μαχαίραις τοὺς κοντούς Plu.Luc.28, cf. Sull.18 ; shun, avoid,

τὸν θρίαμβον Id.2.198b

.

III παρακεκροῦσθαι τῶν φρενῶν to be driven from one's senses, Com.Adesp.705:—so also intr. in [voice] Act.,

πάντα παρέκρουσε Hp.Epid.1.26

.α'.

IV ἡ ὀθόνη παρακέκρουσται is ready hoisted, Luc.Cat.1 (s.v.l.).

V perh. strike a horse sideways, IG12.374.166.

VI of a wrestler, make a feint, EM652.48.

VII of a seller, strike off too much from the top of the measure (from which signf. 1.2 is said to be derived), Harp.; cf. παρακρουσιχοίνικος.

σκῐᾱτροφ-έω, [dialect] Ion. [full] σκῐητροφέω; [dialect] Att.also [full] σκιᾱτρᾰφέω (v. infr.): ([etym.] σκιά, τρέφω):—

A rear in the shade or within doors, i.e. bring up tenderly, σκιατροφοῦντες [τὰ σώματα] Max.Tyr.28.3:—[voice] Pass., keep in the shade, shun heat and labour,

σκηνὰς πηξάμενοι ἐσκιητροφέοντο Hdt.6.12

;

μὴ σκιατραφούμενος Trag.Adesp.546.8

(v.l. -τροφ-)

; καθῆσθαι καὶ σκιατραφεῖσθαι X.Oec.4.2

, cf. Muson.Fr.11p.59H. (- τροφ-, v.l. -τραφ-) ; ἐσκιατ ραφημένη (v.l. -τροφ-)

σωμάτων ἕξις Plu.2.8d

;

ὁπλίτας ἐσκιατροφημένους Max.Tyr.30.7

; of a plant, σκιατροφούμενος growing in the shade, Thphr.CP2.7.4.

II intr. in [voice] Act., wear a shade, cover one's head,

σκιητροφέουσι,.. τιάρας φορέοντες Hdt.3.12

: hence also, like [voice] Pass., πλούσιος ἐσκιατροφηκώς a rich effeminate man, opp. πένης ἡλιωμένος one who bears all the heat of the day, Pl.R. 556d.

III ἐσκιοτροφημένα f.l. for ἐσκιαγραφημένα in Suid.

ἀφίστημι:

A causal in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., in [tense] fut. ἀποστήσω, and [tense] aor. I ἀπέστησα, as also in [tense] aor. I [voice] Med. (v. infr.):—put away, remove, keep out of the way,

τὸ ἀσθενέστατον τοῦ στρατεύματος X.HG7.5.23

;

ἄχος A.Ch. 416

(lyr.); of diseases, Dsc.2.96, Gal.13.846;

τὰ συγκείμενα ἀ. ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Pl.Plt. 282b

;

ἀ. τῆς ἐλάας τὸν φλοιόν Thphr.CP3.3.2

;

ἀ. τινὰ λόγου

hinder from..,

E.IT 912

; ἀ. τὰς τῶν πολεμίων ἐπιβουλάς frustrate them, Th.1.93; ἀ. τὸν ἄρχοντα depose him, X.HG7.1.45:—[tense] aor. [voice] Med., Ἀργείων δόρυ πυλῶν ἀπεστήσασθε remoued it from your own gates, E.ph.1087:—in Hdt.9.23 ἀποστήσαντες, = ἀποστάντες, having retired.

2 cause to revolt, of allies, Id.8.19, Ar.Eq. 238, Th.1.81;

τινὰ ἀπό τινος Hdt.1.76

, 154, etc.;

τινά τινος And.3.22

.

3 in geom. constructions, cut off, Procl.Hyp. 6.7.

II weigh out, X.Smp.2.20;

ἀποστησάτωσαν τὰ χρυσία IG7.303.19

([place name] Oropus); pay,

δραχμὰς ή ἀργυρίου UPZ93.2

(ii B.C.): also in [tense] aor. I [voice] Med., μὴ.. ἀποστήσωνται Ἀχαιοὶ χρεῖος lest they weigh out (i. e. pay in full) the debt, Il.13.745, cf. IG12.91.20, al.:—in strict sense of [voice] Med., ἀποστήσασθαι τὸν χαλκόν to have the brass weighed out to one, D.49.52.—Hom. has it trans. only in l.c.

III [voice] Med., give a final decision (or break up, dismiss the assembly), ῥήτρα ap.Plu. Lyc.6.

B intr., in [voice] Pass., as also in [tense] aor. 2 ἀπέστην, imper.

ἀπόστηθι Ar. Th. 627

,

ἀπόστα Men.375

: [tense] pf. ἀφέστηκα in [tense] pres. sense, sync. in pl. ἀφέστᾰμεν, -στᾰτε, -στᾶσι, as in inf. ἀφεστάναι, part. ἀφεστώς, -ῶσα, -ός or - ώς: [tense] plpf. ἀφεστήκειν, [dialect] Att.

- κη Pl.Tht. 208e

: [tense] fut. [voice] Med.

ἀποστήσομαι E.Hec. 1054

, Th.5.64, etc. (while [tense] aor. I [voice] Med. is causal (v. supr.)): for [tense] fut. ἀφεστήξω v. h. v.:— stand away or aloof from, keep far from,

ὅσσον δὲ τροχοῦ ἵππος ἀφίσταται Il.23.517

;

οὐ μέν κ' ἄλλη γ' ὧδε γυνὴ.. ἀνδρὸς ἀφεσταίη Od.23.101

;

ἀποστᾶσ' ἐκποδών E.Hel. 1023

;

ἐς ἄλλο σχῆμ' ἀ. βίου Id.Med. 1039

;

ἀποσταθῶμεν πράγματος τελουμένου A.Ch. 872

; ὡς γραφεὺς (or βραβεὺς)

ἀποσταθείς E.Hec. 807

;

μακρὰν τόποις καὶ χρόνοις ἀ. D.S.13.22

: hence in various relations, ἀφεστάναι φρενῶν lose one's wits, S.Ph. 865;

φύσεος Ar.V. 1457

(lyr.); οὐδενὸς ἀποστήσονται ὅσα ἂν δίκαια λέγητε depart from, object to right proposals, Th.4.118;

ἀ. φόνου E.Or. 1544

; ἀ. ἀρχῆς to be deposed from office, Pl.Lg. 928d; simply, resign, SIG527.105 (Crete, iii B. C.); ἀ. τῶν πραγμάτων, τῆς πολιτείας, etc., withdraw from business, politics, have done with it, D.10.1, 18.308, etc.; ἔργων ἢ πόνων ἢ κινδύνων shun them, Isoc.4.83, cf.X.HG7.5.19, etc.; ὧν εἷλεν ἀποστάς giving up all claim to what he had won (at law), D.21.181;

τῶν αὑτῆς Id.19.147

, cf. 35.4; ἀφίστασθαι τῶν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ib.44;

οὐδενὸς τῶν ἀνηκόντων τῇ πόλει Inscr.Magn.53.65

; τὴν πολιτείαν.. τὴν ἀφεστηκυῖαν τοῦ μέσου πλεῖον further removed from.., Arist.Pol. 1296b8;

ἀποστὰς τῶν πατρῴων Luc.DMort.12.3

; ἀ. ἐκ Σικελίας withdraw from the island, give up the expedition, Th.7.28; retire,

ἐς Ἰθώμην Id.1.101

: rarely c.acc., avoid, shrink from,

τὸν ἥλιον X.Cyn. 3.3

;

τὸν πόλεμον Id.An.2.5.7

;

τινάς E.Fr. 1006

;

πυγμήν Philostr. Gym.20

(prob. cj.).

2 in Prose, ἀ. ἀπό τινος revolt from.., Hdt. 1.95, 130, etc.;

τινός Id.2.113

;

οὐκ ἀποστήσομαι ἀπὸ τοῦ δήμου Ἀθηναίων IG12.39.21

; but Ἀθηναίων τοῦ πλήθους ib.10.22; also ἀ. εἴς or πρός τινας, Hdt.2.30, 162, cf. X.An.1.6.7;

ἐς δημοκρατίαν ἀ. Th.8.90

: abs., revolt, Hdt.1.102, etc.; ὑπό τινος at his instigation, Th.8.35 ( ἀπό codd.).

3 ἀ. τινί make way for another, give way to him, E. Hec. 1054, D.8.37.

4 c. gen., shrink from,

τῶν κινδύνων Isoc.9.29

: also c. inf., shrink from doing,

ἀπέστην τοῦτ' ἐρωτῆσαι σαφῶς E. Hel. 536

.

5 abs., stand aloof, recoil from fear, horror, etc.,

τίπτε καταπτώσσοντες ἀφέστατε; Il.4.340

;

πολλὸν ἀφεσταότες 17.375

;

παλίνορσος ἀπέστη 3.33

, Pi.O.1.52, P.4.145;

ἐγὼ οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἀ. Pl.Tht. 169b

, cf. D.19.45, etc.; desist,

μὴ νῦν -ώμεθα Pl.Lg. 960e

;

δοῦλος ἀφεστώς

a runaway,

Lys.23.7

.

6 Medic., ἀφίσταται, = ἀπόστασις γίγνεται, εἰς ἄρθρα Hp.Aph.4.74; ἀ. ὀστέον exfoliates, ib. 6.45; also

ἀ. ἀπὸ τῶν ὀστῶν Pl.Ti. 84a

;

τὸ δέρμα ἀ. X.Eq.1.5

; also, project, stand out,

ὦτα ἀφεστηκότα PLond.3.1209.12

(i B. C.).

b to be separated by the formation of an abscess, Gal.11.116, al. (also in [voice] Act.,

τὸ πύον ἀφίστησι 7.715

).

ἐκ-κλῐτέον,

A one must avoid,

τὸν εὖ βάλλοντα τῶν πολεμίων Plu.2.584d

; one must shun,

τὰς ἀθρόας πόσεις Ath.3.120d

, cf. Menemach. ap.Orib.7.22.3.

περιίστημι,

2 bring round,

ὁ δῆμος εἰς ἑαυτὸν περιέστησε τὴν πολιτείαν Arist.Pol. 1304a33

;

εἰς τοὐναντίον π. τινὰ τῷ λόγῳ Pl.Ax.

l.c. ; εἰς τοσοῦτον π. τινά, ὥστε .. Heraclid.Pont. ap. Ath.12.537c ; esp. into a worse state, εἰς τοῦθ' ἡ τύχη τὰ πράγματα αὐτῶν περιέστησεν ὥστε .. Isoc.6.47, cf. Aeschin.3.82 ;

π. εἰς μοναρχίαν τὴν πολιτείαν Plb.3.8.2

; οἴκους εἰς πενίαν π. Hdn.7.3.5 ; convert, εἰς τὸ περιφερὲς [τὸν ἀέρα] Epicur.Ep.2p.51U.; transfer,

π. τὰς ἑαυτοῦ συμφορὰς εἴς τινα D.40.20

;

π. τὴν αἰτίαν εἴς τινα D.H.3.3

.

II in [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med., place round oneself,

ξυστοφόρων κύκλον X.Cyr.7.5.41

;

φρουρὰν περὶ τὸ σῶμα App.BC3.4

.

B [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., with [tense] aor. 2 ([tense] aor. 1, v.infr. 2), [tense] pf., and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act. :— stand round about,

περίστησαν γὰρ ἑταῖροι Il.4.532

; κῦμα περιστάθη a wave rose around ([dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.), Od.11.243 ;

περιστῆναι περί τι Pl.Ti. 84e

; τοῦ περιεστῶτος ἔξωθεν πνεύματος ib. 76b ; οἱ περιεστῶτες the bystanders, Antipho6.14 ;

ὄχλου πολλοῦ περιστάντος IG42(1).123.25

(Epid.).

2 c. acc. objecti, encircle, surround,

χορὸν περιίσταθ' ὅμιλος Il.18.603

; βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο (fort. περίστησάν τε) 2.410, cf. Od.12.356 ; μή πώς με περιστήωσ' ἕνα πολλοί ([dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. subj. [tense] aor. 2 for - στῶσι ) that their numbers surround me not, Il. 17.95, cf. Od.20.50 ; so

περιστάντες [τὸ θηρίον] κύκλῳ Hdt.1.43

, cf. 9.5, A.Fr. 379, Pl.R. 432b;

π. τὸν λόφον τῷ στρατεύματι X.Cyr.3.1.5

: metaph.,

τὸ περιεστὸς ἡμᾶς δεινόν Th.4.10

, cf.7.70 ;

τοσούτου πολέμου τὴν Ἀσίαν περιστάντος Isoc.4.162

;

χωρὶς τῆς περιστάσης ἂν ἡμᾶς αἰσχύνης D.3.8

;

διὰ τὸν φόβον τὸν περιστάντα αὐτούς Aeschin.3.137

;

φόβος π. τινά Th.3.54

, cf. D.18.195.

3 c. dat.,

περιισταμένους τῇ κλίνῃ Pl.Lg. 947b

: mostly metaph., come round to one,

ἡμῖν.. ἀδοξία τὸ πλέον ἢ ἔπαινος περιέστη Th.1.76

;

τῇ [Ἑλλάδι] δουλεία περιέστηκε Lys.2.60

;

τοῦ πολέμου περιεστηκότος Θηβαίοις D.16.28

;

πηλίκα τῇ πόλει περιέστηκε πράγματα Id.19.340

; ἀνάγκη π. τινί, c. inf., ib.212: abs., of circumstances, mostly bad,

τὰ περιεστηκότα πράγματα Lys. 2.32

, cf. Epicur.Sent.38 ;

οἱ περιεστῶτες καιροί Plb.3.86.7

.

II come round, revolve,

κύκλῳ Arist.Ph. 217a19

; of winds,

ἐκ τῶν ἀπαρκτίων εἰς θρασκίας Id.Mete. 365a6

; of Time,

περιισταμένης τῆς ὥρας Thphr.CP2.11.2

, cf. Hp.Nat.Hom.7.

2 come round to, devolve upon,

περιειστήκει ὑποψία ἐς τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην Th.6.61

;

νομίσαντες τὸ παρανόμημα ἐς τοὺς Αθηναίους τὸ αὐτὸ περιεστάναι Id.7.18

; εἰς ὀλίγους ἡμᾶς περιέστη [ἡ στατίων] IG14.830.8 (Puteoli, ii A. D.).

3 of events, come round, turn out, esp. for the worse,

ἐξ ἀρρωστίης π. τινὶ ἐς ὕδερον Hp.Coac. 471

(but also of persons, ἐς ὕδρωπα περιίσταντο became dropsical, Id.Epid.3.13); ἐς τοῦτο περιέστη ἡ τύχη fortune was so completely reversed, Th.4.12 ; τοὐναντίον περιέστη αὐτῷ it turned out quite contrary for him, Id.6.24, cf. Lys.12.64, Pl.Men. 70c ;

ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λόγος εἰς τοὐναντίον περιειστήκει Id.R. 343a

; φιλεῖ ἐς τύχας τὰ πολλὰ περιίστασθαι come to be dependent on chances, Th.1.78 ;

εἰ τὰ μὲν πράγματ' εἰς ὅπερ νυνὶ περιέστη D.18.201

, cf. 3.9 ;

τὸ πρᾶγμ' εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη Id.21.111

, cf. 37.10 ; ἐνταῦθα τὰ πράγματα π. ὥστε .. Isoc.8.59, cf. 5.55 ; περιέστηκεν εἰς τοῦτο ὥστε .. Lycurg.3 : c. inf.,

περιειστήκει τοῖς βοηθείας δεήσεσθαι δοκοῦσιν αὐτοὺς βοηθεῖν ἑτέροις D.18.218

, cf. Pl.Mx. 244d : c. part.,

περιέστηκεν ἡ πρότερον σωφροσύνη νῦν ἀβουλία φαινομένη Th.1.32

.

III later, go round so as to avoid, shun,

τὰς ἁμαρτίας Phld.Rh.1.384

S.;

τὴν ὁμιλίαν J.AJ 1.1.4

;

κύνας Luc.Herm.86

(though he censures this usage, Sol.5), cf. Gal.UP10.14, Porph.Abst.4.7, etc.;

τὸν κίνδυνον Iamb.VP33.239

; τὸ μοναρχικόν ib.31.189 ;

τὴν ἀφροσύνην S.E.M.11.93

;

κενοφωνίας 2 Ep.Ti.2.16

;

τὸ εἰκῇ καὶ μάτην M.Ant.3.4

;

τοὺς ἡγουμένους Artem.4.59

; π. μὴ .. to be afraid lest.., J.AJ4.6.12; sneak round, Phld.Rh.1.99 S.; circumvent, τοὺς λογιστάς Mitteis Chr. 88iv 11 (ii A.D.):—so in [voice] Pass.,

περιεσταμένης τῆς λογοθεσίας BGU1019.8

(ii A. D.).

πτώσσω, only [tense] pres.,

A shrink from, shrink, of birds or other animals,

π. ὥστε πέρδικα Archil.106

; [ἀκρίδες] πτώσσουσι καθ' ὕδωρ flee into.., Il.21.14; also of men, πτῶσσον ὑπὸ κρημνούς ib.26; τί πτώσσεις; 4.371; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν.. ; 5.634;

πτώσσοντας ὑφ' Ἕκτορι 7.129

; κατὰ λαύρας.. πτώσσοντι skulk, slink, Pi.P.8.87; εἰς ἐρημίαν π. flee cowering into.., E.Ba. 223; π. ὑπ' ἀσπίδος crouch beneath it, without any notion of fear, Tyrt.11.36:—poet. Verb, once in Hdt., πτώσσοντας [ὑμέας εὕρομεν] 9.48.

2 cringe like a beggar, go begging (cf. πτωχός)

, κατὰ δῆμον Od.17.227

, 18.363: c. acc. loci,

π. ἀλλοτρίους οἴκους Hes.Op. 395

.

II c. acc. pers., οὐδ' ἂν (v.l. ἂρ) ἔτι δὴν ἀλλήλους πτώσσοιμεν we can no longer shirk one another, Il.20.427; ποῖ καί με φυγᾷ πτώσσουσι μυχῶν; to what corners have they fled to shun me? E.Hec. 1066 (lyr.): c. acc. rei, [ὄρνιθες] νέφεα πτώσσουσαι shrinking from the clouds, Od.22.304; π. δόρυ, βροντήν, Q.S. 5.300, 7.531.

ἀλέομαι [pron. full] [ᾰλ], [var] contr. [full] ἀλεῦμαι Thgn.575, [tense] pres.part.

A

ἀλευόμενοι Hes. Op. 535

(v. l.),

ἀλευμένη Semon.7.61

: [tense] impf. ἀλέοντο ([etym.] ἐξ-) Il.18.586:— chiefly used by Hom. in [tense] aor. ἀλευάμην, v. infr.; inf. ἀλέασθαι, -εύασθαι, Hes. Op. 734, 505; subj.

ἀλεύεται Od.14.400

; part.

ἀλευάμενος 9.277

, Thgn.400. (Perh. from same Root as ἄλη, ἀλάομαι: ἀλεϝ- as [tense] aor. shows):—avoid, shun, c. acc. rei,

ἔγχεα δ' ἀλλήλων ἀλεώμεθα Il. 6.226

, cf. 13.184;

ἐμὸν ἔγχος ἄλευαι 22.285

;

ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν 3.360

;

Διὸς δ' ἀλεώμεθα μῆνιν 5.34

;

ὄφρα τὸ κῆτος.. ἀλέαιτο 20.147

;

κακὸν.. τό κεν οὔτις.. ἀλέαιτο Od.20.368

;

μύσους μὲν ὑπερφιάλους ἀλέασθε 4.774

: rarely c. acc. pers.,

θεοὺς ἢ δειδίμεν ἢ ἀλέασθαι 9.274

: c. inf., avoid doing,

λίθου δ' ἀλέασθαι ἐπαυρεῖν Il.23.340

; ἀλεύεται ([dialect] Ep. subj.)

ἠπεροπεύειν Od.14.400

.

2 abs., flee for one's life,

τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28

;

οὔτε.. φυγέειν δύνατ' οὔτ' ἀλέασθαι 13.436

;

μή πως ἀλέηται Od.4.396

.

ἀναδύομαι, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἀνδύεται [ῠ] Il.13.225: [tense] fut. -δύσομαι [ῡ]: [tense] aor. ἀνεδῡσάμην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. - ατο or - ετο: [tense] aor. intr. ἀνέδῡν, subj. ἀναδύῃ or opt. ἀναδύη [ῡ] Od.9.377: [tense] pf. ἀναδέδῡκα: (v. δύω):—

A come up, rise, esp. from the sea, c. gen.,

ἀνέδυ πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἠΰτ' ὀμίχλη Il.1.359

;

ἀνεδύσατο λίμνης Od.5.337

: c. acc.,

ἀνεδύσετο κῦμα θαλάσσης Il.1.496

: abs.,

εἴπερ ἀναδύσει πάλιν Ar.Ra. 1460

; Ἀφροδίτη ἀναδυομένη, a famous picture by Apelles, Str.14.2.19, Plin.HN35.91, cf. AP12.207 (Strat.).

II shrink back, withdraw, Od.9.377;

ἀναδῦναι ἂψ λαῶν ἐς ὅμιλον Il.7.217

; hesitate, shirk,

ἕτοιμός εἰμ' ἔγωγε, κοὐκ ἀναδύομαι, δάκνειν Ar.Ra. 860

, cf. Lys.16.15, X.Smp.5.2, D.8.50, 19.210, Men.Epit. 205; of rivers, fail, Plu.Thes.15.

2 rarely c. acc., draw back from, shun,

ἀνδύεται πόλεμον Il.13.225

, cf. D.H.5.52; ἀναδύεσθαι τὰ ὡμολογημένα back out of one's admissions, Pl.Tht. 145c.

ἀποσοβ-ητέον,

A one must shun, v.l. Phryn.295.

ἐκδύω ([full] ἐκδύνω Hdt. 1.9, etc.):

I causal in [tense] pres. ἐκδύω: [tense] impf. ἐξέδυον· [tense] fut. ἐκδύσω : [tense] aor. 1 ἐξέδῡσα : late [tense] pf.

ἐκδέδῠκα AP5.72

(Rufin.):— take off, strip off, c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ἐκ μέν με χλαῖναν ἔδυσαν they stripped me of my cloak, Od.14.341 ;

ἐκδύων ἐμὲ..ἐσθῆτα A.Ag. 1269

;

ἐκδύσας αὐτὸν [τὸν χιτῶνα] X.Cyr.1.3.17

: c. acc. only, strip,

πάντας ἐ. D.24.204

;

ἐξέδυσαν [ἐκεῖνον] Id.54.8

.

2 [voice] Pass., ἐκδύομαι, [tense] aor. 1 ἐξεδύθην [pron. full] [ῠ]: [tense] pf. ἐκδέδῠμαι:— to be stripped of a thing,

τὸν χιτωνίσκον ἐκδεδύσθαι Lys.10.10

;

[Μαρσύας] τὸ δέπμα ἐκδύεται Palaeph.47

: abs., to be stripped,

ἐκδυθῆναι Antipho 2.2.5

, cf. Plb.15.27.9.

3 [voice] Med., ἐκδύομαι, Cret.

ἐσδ- GDI5100

, [tense] fut. - δύσομαι: [tense] aor. 1 ἐξεδυσάμην:— strip oneself of a thing, put off, τεύχεά τ' ἐξεδύοντο they were putting off their armour, Il.3.114 ; ἐκδύσασθαι (leg.- δύσεσθαι)

τὸν κιθῶνα Hdt.5.106

;

ἐκδεδύσθαι θοἰμάτιον D.54.35

;

θηρία ἐκδύεται τὸ ἄγριον Plu.Pomp.28

: abs., put off one's clothes, strip,

θᾶττον ἐκδυώμεθα Ar.Lys. 686

, cf. X.HG2.4.19 ; technically, of ephebi, SIG527.99 (Dreros, iii B.C.), GDI5100: metaph. of death, 2 Ep.Cor. 5.4.

II [voice] Act. in med. sense, put off,

μαλακὸν δ' ἔκδυνε χιτῶνα Od. 1.437

;

ἐκδὺς χλαῖναν 14.460

;

τῶν ἱματίων κατὰ ἓν ἕκαστον ἐκδύνουσα Hdt.1.9

: metaph.,

τὸ γῆρας ἐκδύς Ar. Pax 336

, cf. Arist.HA 600b15 ; τὸ κέλυφος ib. 549b25 :—[voice] Pass., of the clothes, to be put off,

ἅμα κιθῶνι ἐκδυομένῳ Hdt.1.8

.

III [tense] aor. 2 ἐξέδυν: [tense] pf. ἐκδέδῡκα:—go or get out of, c. gen.,

ἐκδὺς μεγάροιο Od.22.334

;

ἐκδὺς καὶ ἀνακύψας τῆς θαλάσσης

emerging from..,

Pl.Phd. 109d

: metaph.,

ἐξέδυ δίκης E.Supp. 416

;

ἐκδῦναι κακῶν Id.IT 602

.

2 [tense] pf. and [tense] aor. 2 c. acc., escape, shun, νῶϊν δ' ἐκδῦμεν ὄλεθρον [grant] us to escape.., Il.16.99 ;

ἐκδεδυκέναι τὰς λῃτουργίας D.20.1

;

τὸν φθόνον ἐκδύς Plu.Pomp.30

;

τὴν ἀληθινὴν οὐσίαν ἐκδεδυκέναι ταῦτα Plot.6.6.8

.

3 abs., escape, Thgn.358 ; escapeone's memory, Pl.Alc.2.147e.

ἐκ-κλίνω[pron. full] [ῑ],

A bend out of the regular line, bend outwards or away, opp. ἐγκλίνω, Hp.Art.38 (s.v.l.) ; change the form of a word, Pl.Cra. 404d.

2 dislocate, Hp.Art.7 ([voice] Pass.).

3 embezzle, Dionys.Com.3.10.

4 pervert,

δικαιώματα LXX 1 Ki.8.3

.

II intr., turn away,

ἀπό τινος Th.5.73

, LXXNu.22.32(33) ; ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ ib.23 ; ἐκ νόμου θεοῦ ib.Jb.34.27 : abs., give ground, retire, X.Cyr.1.4.23 ; give way, fall from its place, Id.Cyn.6.10.

2 c. acc., avoid, shun,

ἐ. τι καὶ μὴ πράττειν Pl.Lg. 746c

;

ἐπερχόμενον ἐ. νέφος Demad.15

;

τὴν τῶν θηρίων ἔφοδον Plb.1.34.4

;

στρατείαν Id.5.42.4

,etc.:—[voice] Pass., Epict.Ench.2.

3 with Prep., turn away or aside towards,

κατά τι X.Cyr.7.1.30

;

ἐπὶ τὰς ἔξω οἰκίας BGU1215.9

(iii B.C.); ἐ. εἰς δῆμον, εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν, decline into a democracy or oligarchy, Arist.Pol. 1273a5 ; πρός τινα visit a person on one's journey, LXXGe.19.3.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `avoid, shun, flee' (Il.).

Other forms: Also ἀλεύεται (Hom.); aor. ἠλεύατο (Hom.); ἀλεύω (A.)

Compounds: νηλεής (Hom.) `unescapable' \< *n̥-h₂leu-.

Derivatives: ἀλέα `avoiding, escape, shelter' - ἀλεωρή `escape, shelter' (Il.) \< *ἀλεϜ-ωλη (Chantr. Form. 243) or with an r-suffix. Denom. vb. ἀλεείνω from *ἀλεϜ-εν-, from the r\/n-stem ἄλεαρ· ἀλεωρίαν η πολυωρίαν H. (one expects *h₂leu-r̥, gen. * h₂lu-en-s).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [27] * h₂leu- `escape'?

Etymology: With zero grade ἀλύ-σκω (Hom.). Connection with ἀλύω is very doubtful, because of its deviant meaning (`be distraught, beside oneself'). ἀλάομαι is also far off.

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στέλλω mid. aor. 3 sg. ἐστείλατο LXX; pf. ptc. fem. pl. ἐσταλμέναι 3 Macc 1:19 (Hom. et al. in the sense ‘make ready, send’, etc.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 43) in our lit., as well as in LXX, only mid.

① to keep one’s distance, keep away, stand aloof ἀπό τινος (Polyb. 8, 22, 4; cp. Mal 2:5) from someone 2 Th 3:6.

② to shun someth., avoid, try to avoid (Hippocr., π. ἀρχ. ἰητρ. 5 Heib. acc. to codd. οὔτʼ ἂν ἀπόσχοιντο οὐδενός, ὧν ἐπιθυμέουσιν οὐδὲ στείλαιντο=‘not keep away from something [of food] … nor avoid what they have their mind set on’; SEG II, 615, 1 στέλλεο Περσεφόνας ζᾶλον. Mal 2:5 uses στ. as a parallel to φοβεῖσθαι, which corresponds to Hesychius: στέλλεται• φοβεῖται) στελλόμενοι τοῦτο, μή τις avoiding or trying to avoid this, lest someone 2 Cor 8:20 (so It., Vulg., Goth., Chrys., Luther, Calvin, and many in later times).—DELG. M-M. TW.

φεύγω fut. φεύξομαι; 2 aor. ἔφυγον; pf. πέφυγα LXX (Hom.)

① to seek safety in flight, flee, Mt 8:33; 26:56; Mk 5:14; 14:50, 52 (mng. 2 is also poss.; cp. PTebt 48, 23f); Lk 8:34; J 10:12, 13 v.l.; Ac 7:29; GPt 13:57; AcPl Ha 4, 1; 9; 5, 8;12;17; ἀπό (X., Cyr. 7, 2, 4, Mem. 2, 6, 31; Arrian, Ind. 6, 5; Ex 4:3; 2 Km 19:10; PsSol 17:16; TestDan 5:1; JosAs 5:2 [ἀπὸ προσώπου]; Jos., Bell. 1, 474) Mk 16:8; J 10:5; Js 4:7=Hm 12, 4, 7; cp. 12, 5, 2; Rv 9:6 (death will elude them); 1 Cl 4:10; 28:2; Hm 11:14; 12, 2, 4 (w. μακράν). ἐκ (Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 583 D.; Jos., Ant. 14, 177) Ac 27:30. εἰς (X., Mem. 1, 2, 24; Gen 14:10; Num 24:11; JosAs 28:7 εἰς τὴν ὕλην; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 14, 418 εἰς τὰ ὄρη) Mt 2:13; 10:23; 24:16; Mk 13:14; Lk 21:21 (cp. 1 Macc 2:28); J 6:15 v.l.; Rv 12:6. ἐπί w. acc. ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη Mt 24:16 v.l. (X., Ages. 2, 11; JosAs 27:7 ἐπὶ τὴν ὕλην).—RBach, Die Aufforderungen zur Flucht und zum Kampf im alttestamentlichen Prophetenspruch ’62.

② to become safe from danger by eluding or avoiding it, escape Mk 14:52 (mng. 1 is also prob.); Hb 12:25 v.l. W. the acc. of that which one escapes (Artem. 1, 21; 4, 1 p. 200, 24; Jos., Vi. 94, Ant. 6, 344; Just., A I, 12, 11 ἄγνοιαν) ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης 11:34. τὸ αἰώνιον (πῦρ) MPol 2:3. Cp. 2 Cl 18:2. ἀπό Mt 3:7; 23:33; Lk 3:7 (cp. Il. 20, 350).— Guard against w. acc. τὰς ἀπειλάς the threats, i.e. the punishments which they hold in prospect 1 Cl 58:1.

③ to keep from doing someth. by avoiding it because of its potential damage, flee from, avoid, shun, fig. ext. of 1, and in a moral sense w. acc. of thing (Zaleucus in Stob. IV p. 125, 12 H. τ. ἀδικίαν; Cleobulus in Diog. L. 1, 92; Epict. 1, 7, 25; SIG 1268 I, 3 [III B.C.] ἄδικα φεῦγε; 4 Macc 8:19; Just., A I, 43, 3) φεύγετε τὴν πορνείαν (TestReub 5:5) 1 Cor 6:18. In contrast to διώκειν 1 Ti 6:11 and 2 Ti 2:22 (beside διώκειν, φεύγειν τι may have the mng. ‘run away from’ as schol. on Nicander, Ther. 75).—1 Cl 30:1; 2 Cl 10:1; ITr 11:1; IPhld 2:1; 6:2; 7:2; ISm 7:2; IPol 5:1. Also ἀπό τινος (Sir 21:2 ἀπὸ ἁμαρτίας) 1 Cor 10:14; B 4:1, 10; D 3:1; H 37, 3 v.l. (for ἀφέξῃ).

④ to cease being visible, vanish, disappear (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 28) πᾶσα νῆσος ἔφυγεν Rv 16:20. W. ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου τινός (as Ps 67:2; cp. also Dt 28:7; Josh 8:5; yet likew. as early as Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 9, 1, 3 p. 454, 16 Jac. φυγεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου Κύρου and schol. on Nicander, Ther. 377 in a free quot. from Herodas [8, 59] φεύγωμεν ἐκ προσώπου) 20:11. Or does the writer focus on cessation from existence rather than on invisibility?—B. 698. DELG. M-M.

φοβέω (φέβομαι ‘flee in terror’; Hom. et al.; Wsd 17:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 456), in our lit. only pass. φοβέομαι (Hom.+; OGI 669, 59; SIG 1268 II, 17; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 98, 746 al.; Ath. 20, 2; R. 21 p. 75, 1) impf. ἐφοβούμην; 1 fut. φοβηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐφοβήθην (Plut., Brut. 1002 [40, 9]; M. Ant. 9, 1, 7; Jer 40:9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; s. B-D-F §79).

① to be in an apprehensive state, be afraid, the aor. oft. in the sense become frightened

ⓐ intr., abs. (Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 4]) ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα they were terribly frightened (Ex 14:10; 1 Macc 12:52) Mt 17:6; 27:54. ἐπεστράφην φοβηθείς I turned around in terror Hv 4, 3, 7.—Mt 9:8; 14:30; 25:25; Mk 5:33; Ac 16:38. ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ for they were afraid Mk 16:8 (Mk 16:9–20 is now rarely considered a part of the original gospel of Mk, though many scholars doubt that the gosp. really ended w. the words ἐφ. γάρ. The original ending may have been lost; among the possible reasons given are the accidental loss of the last page of Mark’s own first copy [the same defect, at a very early stage, in the case of the 18th book of the Κεστοί of Jul. Africanus: WBauer, Orthodoxy etc. (Engl. tr. of 2d German ed. ’64) ’71, 159ff. S. also FKenyon, Papyrus Rolls and the Ending of St. Mk: JTS 40, ’39, 56f; CRoberts, The Ancient Book and the Ending of St. Mk: ibid. 253–57] or by purposeful suppression, perh. because it may have deviated fr. the other accounts of the resurrection [for the purposeful omission of the end of a document cp. Athen. 4, 61, 166d on the 10th book of Theopompus’ Philippica, ἀφʼ ἧς τινες τὸ τελευταῖον μέρος χωρίσαντες, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν τὰ περὶ τῶν δημαγωγῶν. S. also Diog. L. 7, 34: a report of Isidorus of Pergamum on the systematic mutilation of books in the library there by Athenodorus the Stoic].—Those who conclude that nothing ever came after ἐφ. γάρ must either assume that the evangelist was prevented fr. finishing his work [Zahn et al.], or indeed intended to close the book w. these words [s. γάρ 1a]. For a short sentence, composed of a verb + γάρ s. also Epict. 3, 9, 19; 4, 8, 4; Artem. 4, 64; 1, 33 p. 35, 6; Plotinus, Ennead 5, 5, a treatise ending in γάρ [PvanderHorst, JTS 23, ’72, 121–24]; Musonius Rufus, Tr. XII; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 8; Libanius, Or. 53 p. 65, 20 F.; PMich 149 VI, 37 [II A.D.]. Among those favoring an ending w. γάρ: Wlh., Loisy, Lohmeyer ad loc.; ABauer, WienerStud 34, 1912, 306ff; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi 1925, 10ff; OLinton, ThBl 8, 1929, 229–34; JCreed, JTS 31, 1930, 175–80; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus ’33, 176ff; HMosbech, Mkevangeliets Slutning: SEÅ 5, ’40, 56–73; WAllen, JTS 47, ’46, 46–49 [‘feel reverential awe’]; ibid. 48, ’47, 201–3. S. also EGoodspeed, Exp. 8th ser., 18, 1919, 155–60; reconstruction of the ‘lost’ ending, in Engl., by Goodsp. in his Introd. to the NT ’37, 156; HProbyn, Exp. 9th ser., 4, 1925, 120–25; RKevin, JBL 45, 1926, 81–103; MEnslin, ibid. 46, 1927, 62–68; HCadbury, ibid. 344f; MRist, ATR 14, ’32, 143–51; WKnox, HTR 35, ’42, 13ff; EHelzle, Der Schluss des Mk, ’59, diss. Tübingen; FDanker, CTM 38, ’67, 26f; JLuzarraga, Biblica 50, ’69, 497–510; KAland, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 157–80, NTEntwürfe, ’79, 246–83). φοβοῦμαι μᾶλλον I am all the more fearful IPhld 5:1. μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be afraid Mt 10:31 v.l. (μή 1cεא). μὴ φοβοῦ, μὴ φοβεῖσθε you must no longer be afraid, stop being afraid (μή 1cγא) Mt 10:31; 14:27; 17:7; Mk 5:36; Lk 1:13, 30; 2:10; 5:10; 8:50; 12:7 al. LKöhler, D. Offenbarungsformel ‘Fürchte dich nicht!’: SchTZ 36, 1919, 33ff.—W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153; Rob. 468; Pla., Prot. 360b; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 586 D.: φοβοῦμαι φόβον; Did., Gen. 230, 1; on LXX usage s. Johannessohn, Kasus 73) ὁ φόβος ὸ̔ν δεῖ σε φοβηθῆναι the fear which you must have Hm 7:1c. ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν (Jon 1:10; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr. B 13 p. 117, 17f [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1) they were very much afraid Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9. If the nouns are to be taken in the pass. sense, this is also the place for τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν (objective gen.) μὴ φοβηθῆτε 1 Pt 3:14 (cp. Is 8:12) and μὴ φοβούμεναι μηδεμίαν πτόησιν vs. 6 (πτόησις 2); s. 1bγ below.—A recognizable Hellenic expr. (cp. ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φόβος=fear in the face of the enemy), though encouraged by OT usage (Lev 26:2; Dt 1:29; Jer 1:8, 17; Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 8:12; En 106:4; Helbing 29; B-D-F §149; Rob. 577) φοβ. ἀπό τινος be afraid of someone Mt 10:28a; Lk 12:4; 1 Cl 56:11 (Job 5:22).—Foll. by gen. absol. 56:10. Foll. by μή and the aor. subj. to denote that which one fears (Thu. 1, 36, 1; Aesop, Fab. 317 H.=356a P.; Alex. Aphr. 31, II/2 p. 203, 20 τὸν Ἀπόλλω φοβεῖσθαι μή τι παρελθῇ τούτων ἄπρακτον=Apollo is concerned [almost as much as ‘sees to it’] that nothing of this remains undone; Jos., Ant. 10, 8, Vi. 252) Ac 23:10; 27:17; ITr 5:1; Hs 9, 20, 2. Foll. by μήποτε (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac. p. 1172, 30 φοβοῦμαι περὶ ὑμῶν, μήποτε; JosAs 7:3; ApcMos 16 al.): Hm 12, 5, 3. φοβηθῶμεν μήποτε δοκῇ τις Hb 4:1; μήπου (v.l. μήπως; ParJer 5:5) Ac 27:29; 2 Cor 11:3; 12:20. A notable feature is the prolepsis of the obj. (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 767; Thu. 4, 8, 7) φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῇ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς I am afraid my work with you may be wasted Gal 4:11 (B-D-F §476, 3; Rob. 423).—W. inf. foll. be afraid to do or shrink from doing someth. (B-D-F §392, 1b.—X., An. 1, 3, 17 al.; Gen 19:30; 26:7; ApcMos 10:18) Mt 1:20; 2:22; Mk 9:32; Lk 9:45; 2 Cl 5:1.—φοβεῖσθαι abs. in the sense take care (Just., D. 78, 4) πλέον φοβεῖσθαι be more careful than usually ITr 4:1.

ⓑ trans. fear someone or someth.

α. pers. τινά someone (X., An. 3, 2, 19 al.; PGM 4, 2171; Num 21:34; Dt 3:2; Jos., Ant. 13, 26; Just., D. 83, 1) μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς Mt 10:26. Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 6:20. τοὺς Ἰουδαίους J 9:22.—Gal 2:12; 2:5b (saying of Jesus). God (Did., Gen. 64, 15; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 11]) Mt 10:28b; Lk 12:5abc; 23:40; 2:5c (saying of Jesus). The crowd Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46; Mk 11:32; 12:12; Lk 20:19; 22:2; Ac 5:26 (foll. by μή). τὴν ἐξουσίαν (ἐξουσία 5a) Ro 13:3. The angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1; Hs 6, 2, 5. The Christian is to have no fear of the devil Hm 7:2a; 12, 4, 6f; 12, 5, 2.

β. animals (in imagery) μὴ φοβείσθωσαν τὰ ἀρνία τοὺς λύκους 2:5a (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source).

γ. things τὶ someth. (X., Hell. 4, 4, 8 al.; En 103:4; ApcEsdr 7:2 τὸν θάνατον; Just., D. 1, 5 κόλασιν; Ath., R. 21 p. 75, 1 οὐδέν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 90; 2, 232) τὸ διάταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως Hb 11:23. τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως vs. 27. τὴν κρίσιν 2 Cl 18:2. τὸν ὄντως θάνατον Dg 10:7. φοβοῦμαι τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην, μὴ … IRo 1:2. τὰ ὅπλα (in imagery) Hm 12, 2, 4.—1 Pt 3:14 and 6 belong here if the nouns in them are to be taken in an act. sense; s. 1a above.—Fear, avoid, shun τὶ someth. (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 41, 9 Δαρεῖος τὸ ἅρμα φοβηθείς) τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν B 12:10. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου Hm 7:3ac.—AVStröm, Der Hirt des Hermas, Allegorie oder Wirklichkeit? Ntl. Sem. Uppsala 3, ’36.

② to have a profound measure of respect for, (have) reverence, respect, w. special ref. to fear of offending

ⓐ God: fear (differently 1bα) in the sense reverence (Aeschyl., Suppl. 893 δαίμονας; Isocr. 1, 16 τοὺς μὲν θεοὺς φοβοῦ, τοὺς δὲ γονεῖς τίμα; Pla., Leg. 11, 927a; Lysias 9, 17; 32, 17; Plut., De Superstit. 2, 165b; LXX; PsSol 4:21; TestJob 43:9 [τὸν κύριον]; JosAs 2:5 [deities]; Philo, Migr. Abr. 21 [after Gen 42:18]. Cp. PTebt 59, 10 [II B.C.] φοβεῖσθαι καὶ σέβεσθαι τὸ ἱερόν) Lk 1:50 (anticipates the οἱ φοβούμενοι in Ac: H-JKlauck, NTS 43, ’97, 134–39); 18:2, 4 (was Ex 23:1–3 his motto: even God could not bribe him?); Ac 10:35; 1 Pt 2:17; Rv 14:7; 19:5; 1 Cl 21:7; 23:1; 28:1; 45:6; B 10:10f (τὸν κύριον); 19:2, 7; Hm 1:2; 7:1, 4f; Hs 5, 1, 5; 8, 11, 2; D 4:10. Also τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ (2 Esdr 11) Rv 11:18.—φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν as a t.t.=σεβόμενοι τὸν θεόν (σέβω 1b; t.t. disputed by MWilcox, JSNT 13, ’81, 102–22; cp. TFinn, CBQ 47, ’85, 75–84; ILevinskaya, The Book of Acts in Its Diaspora Setting [BAFCS V] ’96, 51–126; BWander, Gottesfürchtige und Sympathisanten [WUNT 104] ’98, esp. 80–86; 180–203) Ac 13:16, 26 (Just., D. 10, 4 al.; sing. 10:2, 22).—τὸν κύριον (PsSol 2:33; 3:12 al.; JosAs 8:9) Christ: Col 3:22.—WAllen (s. 1a above) interprets Mk 16:8 to mean reverence for the divine.

ⓑ pers. who command respect (Plut., Galba 1054 [3, 4]; Herodian 3, 13, 2; Lev 19:3 φοβ. πατέρα καὶ μητέρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 345): of a wife ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα Eph 5:33. τὸν ἐπίσκοπον IEph 6:1.—RAC VIII 661–99; TRE XI 756–59; Schmidt, Syn. III 507–36. DELG s.v. φέβομαι II. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀποφεύγω 3 sg. fut. ἀποφεύξεται Sir. 22:22; 2 aor. ἀπέφυγον (since Theognis 1159; Pind., Hdt.; also PRyl 77, 39 [192 A.D.]; JosAs 13:1 cod. A).

① escape, escape from w. acc. of pers. or thing fr. which one escapes (Alex. Aphr. Fat. 8 II 2 p. 173, 9) 2 Pt 2:18, 20. W. gen. of thing (cp. Aesop 80d, 8 Ch. v.l. τούτων ἐκφεύγειν) τῆς ἐν τ. κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς from the destruction in the world caused by desire 1:4.

② avoid, shun τινά someone Hm 11:13 (opp. ἐγγίζειν). ἀπό τινος from someth. ἀπὸ τῆς διδασκαλίας αὐτῶν ἀποφεύγετε flee from their teaching AcPlCor 2:21.—DELG s.v. φεύγω I. M-M.